Restaurant bookkeeping terminology can be confusing.
Our glossary demystifies terms and acronyms that you’ll commonly find when running your restaurant.
3rd Party App
platforms where customers can order delivery or pickup from restaurants on their phones or computers. DoorDash, GrubHub and UberEats are our 3 biggest platforms, with Ezcater gaining steam.
4-4-5
Financial calendar with 4-week, 4-week and 5-week blocks each accounting quarter, versus monthly or 4 13-week accounting quarters.
Accrual Based/Basis
Financials are based on the dates you incurred revenue and expenses, not based on the dates you paid for or received those expenses.
ACH
Automated clearing house is the process of paying a vendor directly into their bank account vs a check or virtual credit.
A/P
Accounts payable
AP Aging
List of invoices or bills in QBO that are yet to be paid.
A/R
Accounts receivable
BS
Balance sheet
Cash Based/Basis
Financials track revenue and expenses based on the dates money enters or leaves your bank account.
COGS
Cost of Goods Sold – Cost of food and beverages associated with sales. This can also include paper supplies depending on the client.
Direct Operating Costs
All costs outside of COGs and payroll associated with the day to day operations of running the restaurant.
ERP
Enterprise resource planning
Expenses below the line
All expense between NOI and net income
FEIN
Federal employer identification number (also known as EIN)
GAAP
Generally Accepted Accounted Principles. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is an independent NGO that establishes these accounting and financial reporting standards for public and private companies and non-profits. Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is a separate NGO that sets these standards for states and local governments. Both boards recommend forms of accrual accounting.
GL
General ledger or PL detail (in QBO)
Gross Revenue/Gross Sales
Revenue (less voids, sales taxes, tips and possible other service fees or deferred revenue such as gift card sales) before factoring in expenses.
Gross Profit
Net revenue less COGs
General & Admin (G&A) Costs
These are typically overhead costs, advertising, insurance, etc.,associated with running the restaurant.
Incurred
You incur expenses and record them as money leaves your bank account. An accrued expense still gets incurred.
KPI
Key performance indicators
Net Income
NOI less taxes, interest, depreciation, amortization and typical items such as R&D, royalties and management fees. These items are more closely tied to a corporate office rather than the restaurant.
Net Operating Income (NOI)
Prime profit less direct operating costs and administrative and general costs
Net Revenue/Income (in QBO)
Gross revenue less discounts and 3rd party commissions (although this can be customized).
P&L
Profit & loss statement
Prime Profit
Gross profit less payroll costs
QBO
Quickbooks Online
ROI
Return on investment
State Tax ID #
The name for this changes from state to state, but is needed to set up any payroll processing.